Steam boiler and heater



(No Moden) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. LAPP. STEAM BOILBR AND HEATER.

No. 491,804. Patented Feb. v14, 1893.

v(No Model.)

. 2 sheetssheet 2; J.LAP1 v STEAM BUILBR AND HEATER.

N0.'491,804. Patented Feb.- 14, 1893.

In we n for:

@mnqeq 711111111111111111111'all NTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN LAPP, OF ROCHESTER, NEWVYORK.

STEAM BOILER AND HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 491,804, dated February 14, 1893.

Application tiled October '7, 1892. Serial No. 448,113. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN LAPP, of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Steam Boilers and Heaters, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.

The object of my invention is to produce a new and improved device for heating water or generating steam, the same being hereinafter fully described and more particularly pointed out in the claims.

I construct this heater or stearn generator with especial reference to securing a free and rapid circulation of the water and preventing stagnant or sluggish masses of water from forming Within the boiler, so that the furnace heat may be as rapidly absorbed as possible by the water. p

Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved heater or steamer, parts being broken away and vertically sectioned. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same with a portion of one of the sections horizontally sectioned on dotted line 2 2 in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the device with a part broken away. Fig. 4 is a plan of the two halves of a section drawn to better show the manner of joining them. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the line 5 5 in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a side elevation seen as indicated by arrow in Fig. 2, a part being vertically sectioned as on the dotted line 6 6 in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a plan of the base, a part 'being broken away to show the smoke flue.' Figs. 4 and 5 are drawn to scales larger than that of the other figures.

Referring to the parts shown A is the body of the steam boiler/or heater, B being the eX- ternal smoke pipe. The boiler is made up of sections, D, each being composed of two equal and similar half-sections or parts b b joined at the top and bottom, as shown, and heldtogether by horizontal fastening bolts ct passing through from front to rear.

C is the furnace-space, and E the ash pit, F and G being the doors for thefurnace and ash pit respectively.

vThe grate, which 1s .to be of common kind in steam boiler furnaces, is not shown.

,Each half-section is formed withfa longitudinal hollow cylindrical head c, joined as shown in Fig. 4,With athin gasketd between them. These half-sections, as shown, are flat and when joined to form a section are placed edge toward edge, in a plane. The heads c of the half-sections are offset or, rather, halved together, and overlap, as shown, and they collectively constitute a continuons cylindrical space or chamber w, for water or steam from front to rear of boiler as shown in Figs. 2 and 6. The upper fastening bolt a for the sections passes centrallythrough this cylindricalspace. At the bottom ofthe boiler, at each side thereof, other similar heads or projections e are formed, with packing gaskets f between them. These together form continuous water spaces or chambers m from front to rear of boiler through which, respectively, the lower fastening bolts ct a pass, as in the case of the heads c.

In constructing the boiler the sections are placed side by side and in contact, all being held together by the bolts a. as stated.

The eXtreme or outer sections of the boiler are each preferably made in a single piece and form, in a sense, covers for the intermediate sections. Each half-section is lformed with an internal water space g inclosed by opposing corrugated Walls h h. In case of the end sections but one wall-the inner-is corrugated, the outer wall being plain. The corrugated walls being depressed below the edges of 'the section, give to the latter the character of an internal water space with external heat spaces opening out at the sides in opposite directions, said water space and theheat spaces being parallel with the plane of the section. When the sections are put together to form a boiler the corrugated or depressed walls h h face each other. And on account of the corrugations being similar and directly opposite each other, rows of vertical heat passagesl are formed over the furnace, and descending smoke-fines Z are formed along the sides of the boiler, as shown in Figs. l and 5. The heads c are projected from the edges of the respective half-sections so as to overhang the latter, on account of which a vertical space u, Figs.

l and 5, is left between the half-section when joined, over the furnace.

The sections are formed with water-legs at the sides, and are further provided with ianges k la Figs. 1 2,

IOO

and 4, which overlap as shown in Fig. 5. The

posite sides of the respective water-legs, andA communicate with horizontal smoke nues n formed in the base beneath the boiler. The smoke flues Z are formed by the opposing curves in the corrugated Wallsfh and are larger incross section than the heat `passages Z, 'as appears in Fig. 5. rlheoverlapping flanges 7c extend substantially from bottom to `top at either sideof each `iueZ 'as shown in Fig. l,

so as to render them practically tight against the inflow of 'smoke vor heated air eXcepta-t their upper ends.

the usual manner.

andvupon which "the vboiler rests. i 'a extend to the back of 'the ash pitand'communicate with ur@ horizontal par jdf they smoke pipe Bthence upward'through the vertical Eparnas indicated 'in Figs and l7. i

The `u-pjpe'r horizontal part "of thefsmoke pipe B extends inwardly "through the `exiliacent section D to thev 'nearest heat passages l Z, 'as vshown 'in Figs. l and 5,for the purpose of'givingtothe furnace directdraft to the chimney :instead of causing the ldraft to be made `throughwthe lower horizontal ilues n. (A simpledainperrof common construction and working in an iordinary manner is provided to regulate the passage from the Vinterior to the pipe B.)

lExit pipes '8, for water orsteani as thecase may haare 'inserted in the heads @,as shown, or such of the heads as 'may be necessary in any givencase., Likewise, inlet pipes, t, for water are inserted inthe parts e, asshown.

The corrlig'ations in the'opposing walls 7L h, that approachfeach other Wh`en the sections are joinedtofform abiler," come neartogeth er butdornottouch,'therebeingleftslight'spaces, QJ, between them, as shown in Fig. 5. These spaces 'permitasmall part of theffu'rnaceheat to pass laterally fromone heat 'passage Z to another, fwliile the main volume of the productsof combustion passup 'the heat lpas sages `totheiiues'las above described. The water "space, g, of each rhalt-section centinues `upward into the chamber w ofthe head c, and also downward at the sides of the furnace tothe spaces w :I: in the parts e e. I employ vertical "partitions, y, Figs.5 and 6, throughthe water spaces between the flues Z so as to divide the upiiowing and downiiow- The joints between the, flanges 7c aredesigned to be cemented ini ing currents of water. The action of the water on accountof the furnace heat is to flow upward between said partitions and the interior of the boiler, thence downward through the Water spaces z between said partitions and the outer walls of the boiler when the water is cooler. These partitions stop considerably short of the bottom of the boiler and also of the top, so that there may be a free flow of water around both ends of each partition. And I prefer to form these partitions withopenin-gs a n'eartheir upper ends so that should the water become low it may still flow over the partition through these openings so as to circulate freely, There may be two or more openings tin "the partitions if found desirable.

These boilersare designed to be 'made of piece. And the opposingeorrugated walls of each piece are stayed *by cross ties of some form, vshown "bydotted linesb in Fig. 5.

t In constructing some boilersorjlieatersmotably smallones, I prefer to cast the "sections i l i A in one piece instead'of making them up of The'iiu'es'n are shown morefullyin Figs. 1, Gand 17. The several fluesfl open Aat their" low'enends into the iiu'es n th'roughopenings o in the horizontal platep covering Lthe basel The 'flues 4instead of corrugated, as showm'but Iprefer to'corru'gate l What I claim "as my "invention is:

`1. Aflat section 'for asteambdiler orheater, composedof two similar halfisections joined in a lplane and having theirepposite sides'or faces corrugated, with water spaces Iwithin said half-sections, the latter being formed at their `upper VendsLw-ith partsor heads lappini g uponfeaeh fot'her and direct communication for 'water 'between them, and'fastening bolts for the hair-sectiens passing through said heads, substantially as shown anddescribed.

'2. A steam boiler confsistingof 'as'eriesof tlatjs'ections joined side jbysi'de each containing two water spaces (one in Meach halftof the section) connected at thetop,the opposing walls "df the sections being similarlycorru gated, the two extreme or outside troughsbetweencorr'ugations of each section joining respectively the like troughs in thejadjacent section to form continuus'descending 'iiues forthe smoke, the Walls of said liues being imperforate and unbroken, substantiallyas shown.

3. A steamboiler or `heater consisting'f sections Vjbinechand having "rows of 'Vertical heat passages, and waterspa'ces valternated withsfaid row's of heat passages and 'separated therefrom'by corrugated partitions, and desc'endingsnioke Ilueseolnmunicat'ing with horizontal ilu'es beneath 'the boiler, substantially als-shown and described.

4. A steam boilercolnposed df 'joined sections, and having rows of `heat passages and water spaces'alternated and divided bycorrugated partitions, and descending "smoke flues communicating withhori'zontal lines beneath the boiler, said rows of heat passages and the water spaces being in parallel planes IOO ITO

crossing the boiler, substantially as 4shown and described.

5. A steam boiler composed of joined sections, and having parallel rows of heat passages and water spaces alternated, and descending smoke lues at the sides of the boiler, the water spaces being'divided by cross partitions, y, near the sides of the boiler, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. A steam boiler composed of sections joined and having parallel rows of heat passages and descending smoke passages terminating each of said rows of heat passages, said heat and smoke passages being alternated with water spaces in planes crossing the boiler, the water spaces being divided by cross partitions near the sides of the boiler and connecting the adjacent walls of said smoke passages, substantially as shown and described.

hand, this 4th day of October, 1892, in the 35 witnesses. JOHN LAPP.

presence of two subscribing Witnesses: v

ENos B. WHITMORE, M. L. McDERMorT. 

